Hint

Insulin is a hormone that lowers the level of
glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood. It’s
made by the beta cells of the pancreas and
released into the blood when the glucose
level goes up, such as after eating. Insulin
helps glucose enter the body’s cells, where it
can be used for energy or stored for future
use. Via:
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/insulin.htm

Hint

Deamination is the removal of an amino
group from a molecule. Enzymes that
catalyse this reaction are called deaminases.
… In situations of excess protein
intake, deamination is used to break down
amino acids for energy. The amino group is
removed from the amino acid and converted
to ammonia.

Hint

Biotic components, or biotic factors, can be
described as any living component that
affects another organism or shapes the
ecosystem. This includes both animals that
consume other organisms within their
ecosystem, and the organism that is being
consumed.

Hint

Commensalism is a long-term biological
interaction in which members of one species
gain benefits while those of the other species
neither benefit nor are harmed.

Hint

Hyphae can form a tangled network called a
mycelium and form the thallus (body) of
fleshy fungi. Hyphae that have walls between

the cells are called septate hyphae; hyphae
that lack walls and cell membranes between
the cells are called nonseptate or coenocytic
hyphae)

Hint

The ribosome, a cell organelle, functions as a
micro-machine for making proteins.

Hint

External fertilization is a mode of reproduction
in which a male organism’s sperm fertilizes a
female organism’s egg outside of the
female’s body. It is contrasted with internal
fertilization, in which sperm are introduced via
insemination and then combine with an egg
inside the body of a female organism.

Hint

Villus, plural villi, in anatomy any of the small,
slender, vascular projections that increase the
surface area of a membrane. The villi of the
small intestine project into the intestinal
cavity, greatly increasing the surface area for
food absorption and adding digestive
secretions.

Hint

Butterflies play important roles as pollinators
to most agricultural crops.

Hint

The male peacocks display their beautiful
fanned trains as part of their courtship
behaviour.

Hint

An ecosystem consists of all the biotic and
abiotic factors that influence that community.

Examples of abiotic factors are water, air, soil,
sunlight, and minerals. Biotic factors are living
or once-living organisms in the ecosystem.
These are obtained from the biosphere and
are capable of reproduction. Examples of
biotic factors are animals, birds, plants, fungi,
and other similar organisms.

Hint

In biology and ecology, abiotic components
or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and
physical parts of the environment that affect
living organisms and the functioning of
ecosystems. Abiotic factors and the
phenomena associated with them underpin
biology as a whole.

Hint

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent
that replicates only inside the living cells of an
organism. Viruses infect all types of life forms,
from animals and plants to microorganisms,
including bacteria and archaea.

Hint

The body normally destroys old or faulty red
blood cells in the spleen or other parts of your
body through a process called hemolysis

Hemolysis is the destruction of red blood
cells which leads to the release of

haemoglobin from within the red blood cells
into the blood plasma.

Hint

Nephridia dispose metabolic wastes from an
animal’s body. There are two categories of
Nephridia, namely metanephridia and
protonephridia.